本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Lancet

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01419-8

摘要内容如下：

帕金森病的流行病学在时间、地理、种族、年龄和性别上表现出显著的差异。在国际上，流行率的增加超过了人口变化。这一增长有几个潜在的原因，包括其他竞争性死亡原因的减少。发病率是否在增加，特别是在妇女中或在许多缺乏高质量数据的低收入和中等收入国家中，则不太确定。帕金森病在老年人和男性中更为常见，多种环境因素被认为可以解释其原因，包括暴露于神经毒剂。在国家内部，疾病风险似乎存在种族差异，尽管这些差异可能反映了获得卫生保健的机会不同。帕金森病的病因是多因素的，涉及遗传和环境因素。风险因素（如杀虫剂）和保护因素（如体力活动和吸烟倾向）都被假定为在帕金森病中起作用，尽管阐明因果关系因前驱症期较长而变得复杂。在制定了预防心血管疾病和某些癌症的公共卫生战略之后，帕金森氏症和痴呆症等慢性神经退行性疾病获得了应有的更高优先地位。需要多管齐下的预防策略，以解决基于人群的一级预防、高风险的有针对性的二级预防和用于三级预防的帕金森病改善疗法。未来的国际合作将需要对来自基础、应用和流行病学研究的证据进行三角测量，从而在全球范围内加强对帕金森病的理解和预防。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease shows marked variations in time, geography, ethnicity, age, and sex. Internationally, prevalence has increased over and above demographic changes. There are several potential reasons for this increase, including the decline in other competing causes of death. Whether incidence is increasing, especially in women or in many low-income and middle-income countries where there is a shortage of high-quality data, is less certain. Parkinson's disease is more common in older people and men, and a variety of environmental factors have been suggested to explain why, including exposure to neurotoxic agents. Within countries, there appear to be ethnic differences in disease risk, although these differences might reflect differential access to health care. The cause of Parkinson's disease is multifactorial, and involves genetic and environmental factors. Both risk factors (eg, pesticides) and protective factors (eg, physical activity and tendency to smoke) have been postulated to have a role in Parkinson's disease, although elucidating causality is complicated by the long prodromal period. Following the establishment of public health strategies to prevent cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dementia are gaining a deserved higher priority. Multipronged prevention strategies are required that tackle population-based primary prevention, high-risk targeted secondary prevention, and Parkinson's disease-modifying therapies for tertiary prevention. Future international collaborations will be required to triangulate evidence from basic, applied, and epidemiological research, thereby enhancing the understanding and prevention of Parkinson's disease at a global level.

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